The roles of remembering and outshining in global environmental context-dependent recognition

Publication date: April 2018 Source:Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 99 Author(s): Takeo Isarida, Toshiko K. Isarida, Takayuki Kubota, Kotaro Nishimura, Moemi Fukasawa, Kodai Thakahashi The present study investigated whether odor and background-music dependent recognition is best explained by the outshining account, consisting of the encoding-specificity and the outshining principles. In contrast, the ICE theory posits that recognition of a past episode involves judgment processes based on global activation of the item, the context, and the ensemble information in the probe and memory. Experiments 1 and 2 manipulated odor contexts, and Experiment 3 manipulated background-music context. In the three experiments, a total of 384 undergraduates intentionally studied a list of unrelated words. After a filled 5-min retention interval, participants received a recognition test on paper. In the same-context (SC) condition, the same odor or musical piece was presented during both study and test, whereas in the different-context (DC) condition, different odors or musical pieces were presented at study and test. Context-dependent recognition discrimination was found when the hit rate in the DC condition was low but not when it was high. Furthermore, context-dependent recognition discrimination was found when there was a positive context-dependent effect for the hit rate and a negative effect for the false alarm rate, which is a context-based mirror effect. Failure to find c...
Source: Journal of Memory and Language - Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research