Mechanisms, Clinical Significance, and Prevention of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Publication date: December 2017 Source:Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Volume 33, Issue 12 Author(s): Lena Rivard, Paul Khairy Atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia are major health issues, with growing evidence suggesting a consistent association between AF and all forms of dementia. Although dementia and AF share several risk factors, the association appears to be independent of a history of clinical stroke and other comorbidities such as hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes. Proposed mechanisms linking AF to cognitive decline include altered hemodynamics resulting in cerebral hypoperfusion, inflammation, genetic factors, and silent cerebral ischemia due to subclinical microemboli. Evidence in support of the microembolization hypothesis includes the much higher incidence of silent cerebral ischemia detected in imaging studies in patients with AF, the association between presence of silent cerebral ischemia and cognitive dysfunction, and a “dose response” relationship between extent of silent cerebral ischemia and degree of cognitive impairment. Preventive therapies are currently being investigated and include anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, statins, pharmacological rhythm and rate control treatment strategies for AF, and catheter ablation procedures. Blinded Randomized Trial of Anticoagulation to Prevent Ischemic Stroke and Neurocognitive Impairment in Atrial Fibrillation (BRAIN-AF) trial is currently assessing whether oral anticoagulation can prevent c...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - Category: Cardiology Source Type: research