Bladder exstrophy – CT

DISCUSSION BY DR MGK MURTHY& DR GA PRASADBladder exstrophy is a rare congenital birth defect  occurring about 3 in 100, 000 births with males to female ratio of 3:1& includes malformation of the bladder and urethra in which the bladder is turned inside out, flattened and exposed to  outside the body& bladder neck fails to form.The condition is caused by incomplete development of the infra- umbilical part of the anterior abdominal wall, associated with incomplete development of the anterior wall of the bladder owing to delayed rupture of the cloacal membrane. Persistence of the cloacal membrane prevents medial mesenchymal ingrowth, causing the abdominal wall to remain lateral and the posterior bladder wall to be exposed to the external surface . Trigone of the bladder and ureteral openings are exposed and sometimes there is mild prolapse.The pubic symphysis is widened  with diastasis of rectus abdominis. Umbilicus is low set. In males the penis is short, stubby, curved upwards and is drawn into the exstrophic area. Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism or Inguinal hernia may be present . In females, the urethra is short, often buried in the exstrophied bladder. The clitoris tends to be bifid. The labia are also widely separated. The vagina is short and orifice may be stenotic. Uterine prolapse or unicornuate uterus may be present Anus is anteriorly placed.Antenatal USG findings of exstrophy - epispadias complex include –-  &nbs...
Source: Sumer's Radiology Site - Category: Radiology Authors: Source Type: blogs