Pseudomembranous trigonitis in a male with Klinefelter syndrome: a case report and evidence of a hormonal etiology.

We report a 16 year old boy with Klinefelter syndrome presenting to our institution with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy and biopsy revealed the diagnosis of pseudomembranous trigonitis. Immunohistochemical stains showed an increase in estrogen and progesterone receptors in the trigone area but not in the rest of the bladder. In view of the patient's mildly raised estrogen levels and the histological findings, we postulate that estrogen is the driver of the development of pseudomembranous trigonitis. This is the first reported case of pseudomembranous trigonitis seen in association with Klinefelter syndrome, and also the first case of pseudomembranous trigonitis occurring within the male adolescent age group. PMID: 25031763 [PubMed - in process]
Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology - Category: Pathology Authors: Tags: Int J Clin Exp Pathol Source Type: research