Opioid Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics: Clinical Implications

FOR MANY WHO HAVE worked in the ambulatory setting in the past, discharging patients, especially pediatric patients, with a prescription for a codeine product for postoperative pain has been a fairly common practice. The use of codeine, especially in children, had started to decline in recent years as warnings about potential risks started to arise. A dramatic decline in the prescription of codeine products and tramadol may be noted this year since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued its strongest warning in April 2017, requiring changes in the labeling of codeine to treat pain or cough and tramadol to treat pain, stating that these products are contraindicated in children younger than 12  years.
Source: Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing - Category: Nursing Authors: Tags: Pain Care Source Type: research