Assessment of glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells.

Assessment of glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Aug 11;:
Authors: Giustarini D, Colombo G, Lisa Garavaglia M, Astori E, Marcello Portinaro N, Reggiani F, Badalamenti S, Maria Aloisi A, Santucci A, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the major non-protein thiol in humans and other mammals, which is present in millimolar concentrations within cells, but at much lower concentrations in the blood plasma. GSH and GSH-related enzymes act both to prevent oxidative damage and to detoxify electrophiles. Under oxidative stress, two GSH molecules become linked by a disulphide bridge to form glutathione disulphide (GSSG). Therefore, assessment of the GSH/GSSG ratio may provide an estimation of cellular redox metabolism. Current evidence resulting from studies in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells suggests that GSH also plays a prominent role in protein redox regulation via S-glutathionylation, i.e., the conjugation of GSH to reactive protein cysteine residues. A number of methodologies that enable quantitative analysis of GSH/GSSG ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins (PSSG), as well as identification and visualization of PSSG in tissue sections or cultured cells are currently available. Here, we have considered the main methodologies applied for GSH, GSSG and PSSG detection in biological sam...

Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - August 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Giustarini D, Colombo G, Lisa Garavaglia M, Astori E, Marcello Portinaro N, Reggiani F, Badalamenti S, Maria Aloisi A, Santucci A, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research