NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: what is the evidence?

NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: what is the evidence? Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Aug 12;: Authors: Sorce S, Stocker R, Seredenina T, Holmdahl R, Aguzzi A, Chio A, Depaulis A, Heitz F, Olofsson P, Olsson T, Duveau V, Sanoudou D, Skosgater S, Vlahou A, Wasquel D, Krause KH, Jaquet V Abstract Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O2(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O2(•-)/H2O2 generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O2(•-)/H2O2 can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - Category: Biology Authors: Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research