Combination of EPA with Carotenoids and Polyphenol Synergistically Attenuated the Transformation of Microglia to M1 Phenotype Via Inhibition of NF- κB

AbstractMicroglia activation toward the M1 phenotype has been reported to contribute to the neurodegenerative processes and cognition alterations due to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The aim of the present research was to assess the effectiveness of free fatty acids omega-3 preparations: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or/and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids and phenolics combinations, in inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators from activated microglia. Preincubation of BV-2 microglia cells with each of the FFAs omega-3 preparations in a range of 0.03 –2 μM together with Lyc-O-mato® (0.1  μM), Carnosic acid (0.2 μM) with or without Lutein (0.2 μM), 1 h before addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 16 h caused a synergistic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production with a rank order of EPA >  Ropufa (EPA/DHA 2/1) >  Krill (EPA/DHA 1.23/1). The optimal inhibitory combinations of EPA (0.125 μM) with the phytonutrients caused a synergistic inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, IL-6 secretion, superoxide and NO production and prevention of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation and elevated CD40 expression in microglia exposed to LPS or interferon- γ (IFN-γ), representing infection or inflammation, respectively. The presence of the combination caused a synergistic increase in the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The inhibitory effects by the combinat...

Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research