Immunotherapy in urothelial cancer, part 1: T-cell checkpoint inhibition in advanced or metastatic disease.

Immunotherapy in urothelial cancer, part 1: T-cell checkpoint inhibition in advanced or metastatic disease. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2017 Jun;15(6):466-477 Authors: Yu SS, Dorff TB, Ballas LK, Sadeghi S, Skinner EC, Quinn DI Abstract Cancer of the urothelium is the sixth most common cancer in the United States and is seen predominantly in men. Most cases of this disease present as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), with cancer recurrence or progression to muscle-invasive cancer in more than 50% of patients after initial therapy. NMIBC is an immune-responsive disease, as indicated by the use of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin as treatment for more than 3 decades. More recently, immunotherapy has seen much progress in a variety of cancers, including advanced and metastatic bladder cancer, in which historical 5-year survival rates are approximately 15%. The advent of T-cell checkpoint inhibitors, especially those directed at programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), has had a significant effect on the therapy of advanced urothelial cancer. This had led to accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for atezolizumab and nivolumab in advanced urothelial cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. In addition, level 1 evidence supports the use of pembrolizumab over single-agent tubulin-directed chemotherapy in the same setting. Several other treatments with immune-mediating mechanisms ...
Source: Clinical Advances in Hematology and Oncology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Clin Adv Hematol Oncol Source Type: research