Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
Oncogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017 05 01;18(5):1191-1199
Authors: Younis E
Abstract
Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These
latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of
thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medullary thyroid cancers, MTC) originate from
calcitonin producing C-cells. Over the last decade, investigators have developed a clearer understanding of genetic
alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. A number of point mutations and translocations are involved, not only in
its tumorigenesis, but also as have potential use as diagnostic and prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Many
occur in genes for several important signaling pathways, in particular the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
pathway. Sporadic (isolated) lesions account for 75% of MTC cases, while inherited MTC, often in association with
multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B syndromes, constitute the remainder. However, non-MEN familial
MTC may also occur. Advances in genetic testing have revolutionized the management of MTC, with prospects of
genetic screening, testing and early prophylactic thyroidectomy. Ethical concerns of these advances are addressed.
PMID: 28610401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention - Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Source Type: research