Coffee intake, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses in 95 000–223 000 individuals

Conclusions:</strong> Observationally, coffee intake was associated with U-shaped lower risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality; however, genetically caffeine intake was not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality.</span>
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research