Surface anatomical landmarks for the location of posterior sacral foramina in sacral nerve stimulation

ConclusionsWe found that the distance between sacral foramina and MSC is relatively constant while the distance between foramina and the relations between foramina and PSIS is highly variable. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy may facilitate electrode placement and is complementary to the regular use of fluoroscopy.
Source: Techniques in Coloproctology - Category: Surgery Source Type: research
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