Downregulation of kidney expression of protective factors by renal and systemic inflammation: role of transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms.

Downregulation of kidney expression of protective factors by renal and systemic inflammation: role of transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Oct 19;:ajprenal.00487.2016 Authors: Ruiz-Andres O, Sanchez-Niño MD, Moreno JA, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ramos AM, Sanz AB, Ortiz A Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated to an increased risk of death, CKD progression and acute kidney injury (AKI) even from early stages, when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is preserved. The link between early CKD and these risks is unclear, since there is no accumulation of uremic toxins. However, pathological albuminuria and kidney inflammation are frequent features of early CKD and the production of kidney protective factors may be decreased. Indeed, Klotho expression is already decreased in CKD category G1 (normal GFR). Klotho has anti-aging and nephroprotective properties and decreased Klotho levels may contribute to increase the risk of death, CKD progression and AKI. In this review, we discuss the downregulation by mediators of inflammation of molecules with systemic and/or renal local protective functions, exemplified by Klotho and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivador-1α (PGC-1α), a transcription factor that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Cytokines such as TWEAK, TNFα or TGFβ1 produced locally during kidney injury or released from inflammatory sites at other organs may decrea...
Source: Am J Physiol Renal P... - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Source Type: research