Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Swimming Crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) and in vitro antibacterial activity against Vibrio: PK/PD of SMZ-TMP in crabs and antibacterial activity against Vibrio

In this study, the antibacterial activity against Vibrio and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)-trimethoprim (TMP) in crabs were estimated to explore the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) properties of the SMZ-TMP combination. The in vitro bacteriostatic activity and the anti-Vibrio infection activity of the SMZ-TMP combination at various ratios in crabs were studied. A degree of synergism was observed in the SMZ-TMP combination at ratios ranging from 50:1 to 1:5. The results showed that the MIC50 and MIC90 values for different SMZ-TMP combinations were in the ranges of 0.62–5 and 0.62–10 μg·mL−1, respectively. The distribution of the MIC values of the SMZ-TMP combination at ratios of 1:1 and 5:1 were 0.31–5 and 0.31–10μg·mL−1, respectively. Crabs were then fed the SMZ-TMP combination (at ratios of 5:1 and 1:1) six successive times and then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus at 1×105, 1×106, and 5×106 colony forming units (cfu) per crab. The results showed that the number of surviving crabs administered SMZ-TMP at a ratio of 1:1 was greater than that of the crabs given SMZ-TMP at a ratio of 5:1. In addition, the tissue distribution and absorption of SMZ-TMP (ratios of 5:1 and 1:1) in crabs were studied through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the crabs fed SMZ-TMP at a ratio of 5:1, the CmaxSMZ/TMP values in the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, muscle and gill were 104:1. 0.57:1, 19:1 and 6:1, respectively. In contrast...
Source: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology - Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research