Insight into Tumor Hypoxia: Radionuclide-based Biomarker as Diagnostic Tools

Curr Top Med Chem. 2023 May 15. doi: 10.2174/1568026623666230515154442. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe radiolabeled tracers have been extensively utilized to access various physiological and pathological conditions non-invasively, such as cancers, inflammation, and organ-specific imaging. These tracers demonstrate and study tumor hypoxia in several malignancies. Hypoxia is commonly seen in solid tumors.Tumor Hypoxia is a non-physiological condition of reduced oxygen concentration in the tumor. Hypoxia is associated with adverse outcomes such as treatment resistance and metastases in solid tumors. Tumor hypoxia may result in resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, leading to a poor prognosis.It is one of the clinically paramount factors in treatment planning. Various chemical scaffolds are labeled with compatible radioisotopes for imaging hypoxia by Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron emission tomography (PET). Radionuclides, such as [18F]Flourine, [99mTc]Technetium, [131I]Iodine, [124I]Iodine, and [64Cu]Copper are used for incorporation into different chemical scaffolds.Among them, [18F]Flourine and [64Cu] Copper tagged radiopharmaceuticals are most explored, such as [18F]FMISO, [18F]FAZA, [18F]FETNIM, and N4-methyl thiosemicarbazone [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)]. Some of the promising scaffolds for imaging hypoxia are [18F]EF1, [18F]EF5, [18F]EF3, and [18F]HX4. This review is focused on developing radiochemistry routes to synthesize different rad...
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - Category: Chemistry Authors: Source Type: research