Orbital and ocular perfusion in thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED) also termed Graves orbitopathy, is a common accompaniment of Graves ’ disease (GD), with a reported prevalence being 40 % (confidence interval: 0.30 to 0.48)34. Visual acuity decline in TED may occur as a consequence of tear film abnormalities, optic neuropathy, exposure keratopathy, corneal ulceration, chorioretinal folds, or transient obscurations due to orbital congestion53. Subtle involvement of the optic nerve (ON) may go unnoticed unless looked for specifically 100 and result in permanent visual impairment in 4 to 8% of TED cases from dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON)14,114.
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tags: Review article Source Type: research