Genome analysis of Streptococcus spp. isolates from animals in pre-antibiotic era with respect to antibiotic susceptibility and virulence gene profiles
This study provides an invaluable resource for studying the evolutionary aspects of antibiotic resistance acquisition and virulence inStreptococcus spp. (Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - April 15, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
STING-dependent trained immunity contributes to host defense against Clostridium perfringens infection via mTOR signaling
AbstractClostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) infection is recognized as one of the most challenging issues threatening food safety and perplexing agricultural development. To date, the molecular mechanisms of the interactions betweenC. perfringens and the host remain poorly understood. Here, we show that stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent trained immunity protected againstC. perfringens infection through mTOR signaling. Heat-killedCandida albicans (HKCA) training elicited elevated TNF- α and IL-6 production after LPS restimulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM). Although HKCA-trained PM produced de...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 15, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Serotype diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated in Italian pig farms from 2015 to 2022
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a bacterium frequently associated with porcine pleuropneumonia. The acute form of the disease is highly contagious and often fatal, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers. Serotype diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of APP strains circulating in north Italian farms from 2015 to 2022 were evaluated retrospectively to investigate APP epidemiology in the area. A total of 572 strains isolated from outbreaks occurring in 337 different swine farms were analysed. The majority of isolates belonged to serotypes 9/11 (39.2%) and 2 (28.1%) and serotype diver...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 9, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Occludin and collagen IV degradation mediated by the T9SS effector SspA contributes to blood –brain barrier damage in ducks during Riemerella anatipestifer infection
In this study, we showed that obvious clinical symptoms, an increase in blood ‒brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines occurred after intravenous infection with the Yb2 strain but not the mutant strain Yb2ΔsspA, indicating that Yb2 infection can lead to cerebrovascular dysfunction and that the type IX secretion system (T9SS) effecto r SspA plays a critical role in this pathological process. In addition, we showed that Yb2 infection led to rapid degradation of occludin (a tight junction protein) and collagen IV (a basement membrane protein), which contributed to endothelial barrie...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 9, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Emergence and genomic chion of Proteus mirabilis harboring blaNDM-1 in Korean companion dogs
AbstractProteus mirabilis is a commensal bacterium dwelling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and animals. Although New Delhi metallo- β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) producingP. mirabilis is emerging as a threat, its epidemiology in our society remains largely unknown. LHPm1, the firstP. mirabilis isolate harboring NDM-1, was detected from a companion dog that resides with a human owner. The whole-genome study revealed 20 different antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes against various classes of antimicrobial agents, which corresponded to the MIC results. Genomic regions, including MDR genes, were identified with multipl...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 9, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Correction: Interleukin-22 facilitates the interferon- λ-mediated production of tripartite motif protein 25 to inhibit replication of duck viral hepatitis A virus type 1
(Source: Veterinary Research)
Source: Veterinary Research - April 9, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein antagonizes the IFN response through inhibiting TRIM25 oligomerization and functional activation of RIG-I/TRIM25
AbstractSwine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), an emergingAlpha-coronavirus, brings huge economic loss in swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) participate in a frontline antiviral defense mechanism triggering the activation of numerous downstream antiviral genes. Here, we demonstrated that TRIM25 overexpression significantly inhibited SADS-CoV replication, whereas TRIM25 deficiency markedly increased viral yield. We found that SADS-CoV N protein suppressed interferon-beta (IFN- β) production induced by Sendai virus (SeV) or poly(I:C). Moreover, we determined that SADS-CoV N protein interacted with RIG-I N-ter...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 8, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Pasteurella multocida activates apoptosis via the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis to cause pulmonary integrity loss, bacteremia, and eventually a cytokine storm
In this study, based on mouse and rabbit models, we found thatP. multocida causes not only lung damage but also bacteremia due to the loss of lung integrity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that bacteremia is an important aspect ofP. multocida pathogenesis, as evidenced by the observed multiorgan damage and systemic inflammation, and ultimately found that this systemic infection leads to a cytokine storm that can be mitigated by IL-6-neutralizing antibodies. As a result, we divided the pathogenesis ofP. multocida into two phases: the pulmonary infection phase and the systemic infection phase. Based on unbiased RNA-seq data, w...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 8, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Nsp1 suppresses IFN- λ1 production by degrading IRF1 via ubiquitin–proteasome pathway
In this study, we utilized IPI-FX cells (a cell line of porcine ileum epithelium) as an i n vitro model to investigate the potential immune evasion strategies employed by SADS-CoV against the IFN-λ response. Our results showed that SADS-CoV infection suppressed the production of IFN-λ1 induced by poly(I:C). Through screening SADS-CoV-encoded proteins, nsp1, nsp5, nsp10, nsp12, nsp16, E , S1, and S2 were identified as antagonists of IFN-λ1 production. Specifically, SADS-CoV nsp1 impeded the activation of the IFN-λ1 promoter mediated by MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, and IRF1. Both SADS-CoV and nsp1 obstructed poly(I:C)-induced nucl...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 8, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
circRNA_8521 promotes Senecavirus A infection by sponging miRNA-324 to regulate LC3A
AbstractSenecavirus A (SVA) causes outbreaks of vesicular disease in pigs, which imposes a considerable economic burden on the pork industry. As current SVA prevention measures are ineffective, new strategies for controlling SVA are urgently needed. Circular (circ)RNA is a newly characterized class of widely expressed, endogenous regulatory RNAs, which have been implicated in viral infection; however, whether circRNAs regulate SVA infection remains unknown. To investigate the influence of circRNAs on SVA infection in porcine kidney 15 (PK-15) cells, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the circRNA expression profi...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 5, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A porcine kidney-derived clonal cell line with clear genetic annotation is highly susceptible to African swine fever virus
AbstractAfrican Swine Fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of African swine fever, is a highly lethal hemorrhagic virus affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. The primary target cells for ASFV infection are porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), which are difficult to obtain and maintain in vitro, and less subjective to genetic editing. To overcome these issues and facilitate ASFV research, we obtained a subclonal cell line PK1-C5 by subcloning LLC-PK1 cells that support stable ASFV proliferation. This consequential cell line exhibited high ASFV infection levels and similar viral growth characteristics to PAMs, while als...
Source: Veterinary Research - April 4, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Non-specific effects of inactivated Mycobacterium bovis oral and parenteral treatment in a rabbit scabies model
AbstractTuberculosis BCG vaccination induced non-specific protective effects in humans led to postulate the concept of trained immunity (TRAIM) as an innate type of immune mechanism that triggered by a pathogen, protects against others. Killed vaccines have been considered not to be effective. However, field efficacy of a commercial vaccine against paratuberculosis, as well as of a recently developedM. bovis heat-inactivated vaccine (HIMB) prompted to test whether it could also induce TRAIM. To this, we used a sarcoptic mange rabbit model. Twenty-four weaned rabbits were treated orally or subcutaneously with a suspension o...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 26, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Epidemiological characterization and risk assessment of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2/b/GI.2) in the world
AbstractA novel variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus, designated RHDV2/b/GI.2, was first discovered in France in 2010. Subsequently, RHDV2 rapidly spread to Africa, North America, Australia, and Asia. RHDV2 outbreaks have resulted in significant economic losses in the global rabbit industry and disrupted the balance of natural ecosystems. Our study investigated the seasonal characteristics of RHDV2 outbreaks using seasonal indices. RHDV2 is prone to causing significant outbreaks within domestic and wild rabbit populations during the spring season and is more likely to induce outbreaks within wild rabbit populations...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 26, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
The spontaneously produced lysogenic prophage phi456 promotes bacterial resistance to adverse environments and enhances the colonization ability of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain DE456
AbstractIn the last decade, prophages that possess the ability of lysogenic transformation have become increasingly significant. Their transfer and subsequent activity in the host have a significant impact on the evolution of bacteria. Here, we investigate the role of prophage phi456 with high spontaneous induction in the bacterial genome of Avian pathogenicEscherichia coli (APEC) DE456. The phage particles, phi456, that were released from DE456 were isolated, purified, and sequenced. Additionally, phage particles were no longer observed either during normal growth or induced by nalidixic acid in DE456 Δphi456. This indic...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 26, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 negatively regulates the replication of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 by disrupting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of 3D polymerase
AbstractThe interaction between viral components and cellular proteins plays a crucial role in viral replication. In a previous study, we showed that the 3 ′—untranslated region (3′—UTR) is an essential element for the replication of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To gain a deeper understanding of this mechanism, we used an RNA pull-down and a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizati on time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay to identify new host factors that interact with the 3′—UTR. We selected interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) for furt...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 26, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
