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Travellers take heed: Outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever in Pakistan and a warning from the US CDC
Imported, drug-resistant typhoid fever has been reported among travellers [1]. Typhoid fever is a highly contagious notifiable bacterial infection, spread by contaminated water and food. Each year, an estimated 26 million cases of typhoid fever appeared worldwide causing 215 thousand deaths. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a foremost threat in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in parts of Asia and Africa. The first deadly outbreak of a novel S. Typhi H58 clone harboring resistance to three first-line drugs (ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole) as well as the blaCTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase and qnrS fluo...
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zikria Saleem, Mohamed Azmi Hassali Source Type: research

Gut microbiota dynamics in travelers returning from India colonized with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A longitudinal study
Intestinal colonization by extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESC-R-Ent) has been attributed to travel to high prevalence countries. However, the dynamics of the microbiota changes during ESC-R-Ent colonization and whether there is a particular bacterial composition which is associated with subsequent colonization is unknown. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jo ão Pires, Julia G. Kraemer, Esther Kuenzli, Sara Kasraian, Regula Tinguely, Christoph Hatz, Andrea Endimiani, Markus Hilty Source Type: research

National approaches to the vaccination of recently arrived migrants in Europe: A comparative policy analysis across 32 European countries
Migrants may be underimmunised and at higher risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, yet there has been no comprehensive examination of what policies are currently implemented across Europe targeting child and adult migrants. We analysed vaccination policies for migrants in 32 EU/EEA countries and Switzerland. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 15, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sofanne J. Ravensbergen, Laura B. Nellums, Sally Hargreaves, Ymkje Stienstra, Jon S. Friedland, ESGITM Working Group on Vaccination in Migrants, with the support of the Executive Committee and Membership of ESGITM Source Type: research

The current syndemic in Venezuela: Measles, malaria and more co-infections coupled with a breakdown of social and healthcare infrastructure. Quo vadis?
What is a “syndemic” and how can it be applied to the current situation in Venezuela? Three concepts underlie the notion of a “syndemic”: disease concentration, disease interaction, and large-scale negative social forces that give rise to them [1]. The concept of disease concentration implies that two or more epidemics co-occur in the presence of temporal and geographical factors coupled with harmful social conditions [1]. Unfortunately, during the last five years, there has been no better example of a syndemic, than in Venezuela. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 13, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Alfonso J. Rodr íguez-Morales, José Antonio Suárez, Alejandro Risquez, Lourdes Delgado-Noguera, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

The effect of wild thyme and bergamot essential oils on the growth of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia conorii caspia in Vero cell line
Coastal region of Croatia, a favourite holiday destination yearly visited by millions of people is known as an endemic area for Rickettsia conorii. Moreover, several other pathogenic rickettsiae including R. slovaca were detected in Croatian ticks [1]. Essential oils, complex mixtures of secondary plant metabolites of low molecular weight were confirmed to have antimicrobial properties against wide range of extracellular and intracellular bacteria including multidrug resistant strains [2,3]. As their effect on obligate intracellular tick borne pathogens has yet to be elucidated, the aim of this study was to test the influe...
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 11, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Katar ína Štefanidesová, Ľudovít Škultéty, Viera Friedländerová, Andrej Šáner, Eva Špitalská Source Type: research

Detection of zoonotic agents and a new Rickettsia strain in ticks from donkeys from South Africa: Implications for travel medicine
This study aimed to investigate the presence of spotted fever group Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Coxiella species in these arthropods. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 9, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ali Halajian, Ana M. Palomar, Ar ánzazu Portillo, Heloise Heyne, Lourdes Romero, José A. Oteo Source Type: research

Measles vaccination status among Japanese university students participating in short-term study abroad programs
Imported measles outbreaks starting with travelers have been successively observed in Japan and non-endemic countries despite a global effort towards measles elimination [1,2]. The Japanese government has been strongly promoting overseas study for young generations including those who were not born and raised in the era of two-dose MR vaccination policy in Japan. Specifically, those aged 19 –28 years (as of 2018) seem to have received a second-dose measles-containing vaccine as target populations for the governmental MR catch-up vaccination campaign [3]; however, vaccination coverage of the campaign did not reach an opti...
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 9, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Michiyo Yamakawa, Megumi Sasai, Mayumi Ono, Toshihide Tsuda Source Type: research

Histoplamosis in an immunocompetent man returning from Brazil: A diagnostic challenge helped by 18 FDG PET CT
A 43-year-old French man presented with fever, arthralgia, headache, night sweats and dry cough, 3 weeks after returning from Brazil. Physical examination was normal. He reported a visit at the botanic garden of Rio de Janeiro during a 7-day-trip. Blood tests revealed lymphocytosis (5.28G/L), C-reactive protein at 50mg/L, and cholestatic hepatitis (ASAT 148UI/L, ALAT 319UI/L, gamma-GT: 523UI/L, alkaline phosphatase: 234UI/L). Microbiological investigations were negative for the following: blood cultures, malaria quick test, Legionella pneumophila, Streptococcus pneumonia antigenuria; serology for HIV, Histoplasma, Brucella...
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 6, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Cl émentine Montagnac, Carole Eldin, Anais Thouret, Stéphane Ranque, Philippe Brouqui Source Type: research

Microbiological features of indigenous typhoid cases in Taiwan and relatedness to imported cases, 2001 –2014: A cross-sectional analysis
Typhoid fever was rare in Taiwan but approximately two-third of the cases were indigenous. The transmission source of the indigenous cases and the relatedness to the imported cases remained unknown. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 6, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shao-Chieh Chien, Tsong-Him Iap, Yin-Rong Chiu, Shian-Sen Shie, Chih-Jung Chen Source Type: research

Occurrence of intestinal parasites among asylum seekers in Italy: A cross-sectional study
In recent years Europe has experienced a dramatic increase in migration flows. Nevertheless, limited data is available about the occurrence of neglected parasitic diseases among migrant population. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal and urinary parasites in newly arrived asylum seekers. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 6, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Marco Pombi, Rozenn Esvan, Maurizio Lopalco, Serena Vita, Simonetta Mattiucci, Simona Gabrielli, Sanitary Bureau of the Asylum Seekers Center of Castelnuovo di Porto Source Type: research

Influenza vaccination coverage among US-Mexico land border crossers: 2009 H1N1 pandemic and 2011 –2012 influenza season
The high volume of US-Mexico land border crossings can facilitate international dissemination of influenza viruses. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Carla DeSisto, Stephen Waterman, Monica Sovero Wiedemann, Conschetta Wright Moore, Walter W. Williams, Kathleen Moser Source Type: research

Factors associated with severity of tick-borne encephalitis: A prospective observational study
Information on parameters associated with the severity of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is limited. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Petra Bogovi č, Stanka Lotrič-Furlan, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Lara Lusa, Franc Strle Source Type: research

Corrigendum to “ An extra priming dose of hepatitis A vaccine to adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis and drug induced immunosuppression – A prospective, open-label, multi-center study” [Trav. Med. Infect. Dis. 21, January–February 2018, 43–50]
The authors regret that after publication of the original paper An extra priming dose of hepatitis A vaccine to adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis and drug induced immunosuppression-A prospective open-lable, multi-center study [1] one important error concerning the description of the results came to the authors ’ attention. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Anja Rosdahl, Christian Herzog, Gert Fr ösner, Torbjörn Norén, Lars Rombo, Helena H. Askling Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Are the 2014 –2016 Zika and Chikungunya epidemics in Colombia associated with a higher use of antihistamines?
Concomitant circulation and epidemic peaks of the Zika (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses have been identified as public health problems in Latin America and the Caribbean [1]. The cutaneous manifestations of these arboviruses are reported for ZIKV as a nonspecific and diffuse rash consisting of macules and papules that appear 3 –12 days after initial infection, and the eruption may be pruritic [2,3]. Due to the relative frequency of these manifestations and the availability of antihistamines for the symptomatic management of pruritus and other dermatological reactions, it was proposed to study the fre...
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - October 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Manuel E. Machado-Duque, Jorge E. Machado-Alba, Alfonso J. Rodr íguez-Morales Source Type: research

Are probiotics and prebiotics effective in the prevention of travellers ’ diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Travellers ’ diarrhea (TD) impacts annually over 20 million tourists, business travellers and military troops on a worldwide basis. Reliance on antibiotic prophylaxis and educational programs has not lead to a significant reduction in TD rates. Previous reviews of probiotics for TD have not accounted for the strain-specificity of probiotic efficacy nor have investigated prebiotics for the prevention of TD. (Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease)
Source: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease - September 29, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lynne V. McFarland, Shan Goh Source Type: research