Gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of sleep disturbance in general hospital outpatients
Sleep disturbance, which is characterized as having difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or experiencing early-morning awakening (Cao et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2000), appears to be one of a major public health concern with significant morbidities (Hou et al., 2017). Epidemiological surveys across different countries have reported a wide range of estimates of the prevalence of sleep disturbance, from 6% to 76.3% (Leger and Poursa in, 2005; Ohayon and Lemoine, 2002; Rocha et al., 2002; Xiang et al., 2008), reflecting both the variation between populations and differences in how sleep disturbance is measured. (So...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Wei Zheng, Xin-Ni Luo, Hai-Yan Li, Xiao-Yin Ke, Qing Dai, Chan-Juan Zhang, Ryan M Cassidy, Xiang-Yang Zhang, Yu-Ping Ning Source Type: research
Approach and avoidance: Relations with the thin body ideal in women with disordered eating behavior
Women in the western world are exposed to images of attractiveness, beauty, and ideal body shape and size by daily mass media. As early as 1999, Malkin and colleagues reported that the beauty ideal is young and especially thin (Malkin et al., 1999). Today, models presented by the mass media usually have a body weight 15% below their healthy weight (Martin, 2010), and a high drive for thinness (Swami and Szmigielska, 2013) which are known as core symptoms of eating disorders. Nevertheless, this ideal is associated with beauty, fitness, and health (Hassel, 2002) and a lot of women strive for that “perfect body”. (Source:...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Judith Leins, Manuel Waldorf, Ines Kollei, Mike Rinck, Sabine Loeber Source Type: research
Depression with or without comorbid social anxiety: Is attachment the culprit?
Numerous cross-sectional studies have documented high rates of comorbidity between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as increased chronicity and impairment associated with it (Kessler et al., 1999; Nelson et al., 2000; Ohayon and Schatzberg, 2010). Several prospective studies have established that, in most cases, SAD precedes MDD and increases the risk for MDD in all ages (Beesdo, 2007; Stein, 2006; Stein et al., 2001). In particular, in the presence of SAD, MDD has a more malignant course, increased duration of episodes, increased suicidality, and additional comorbidity (Dalrymple ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: G. Camelia Adams, Andrew J. Wrath, Prosanta Mondal, Gordon J.G. Asmundson Source Type: research
Testing the association of serum uric acid levels with behavioral and clinical characteristics in subjects with major affective disorders: A cross-sectional study.
In recent years, several observational studies have investigated uric acid levels among individuals with major affective disorders (Albert et al., 2015; Bartoli et al., 2017b; Black et al., 2018; Peng et al., 2016). Uric acid is a C5H4N4O3 heterocyclic compound deriving from the purinergic metabolism of both adenosine and guanosine (Maiuolo et al., 2016). It has been hypothesized that uric acid might be a marker of dysfunctions in adenosine transmission (Cheffer et al., 2017; Lindberg et al., 2015; Ortiz et al., 2015) and antioxidant system (Bowman et al., 2010; Jim énez-Fernández et al., 2015), in different mental disor...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Francesco Bartoli, Cristina Crocamo, Mattia Bava, Gloria Castagna, Carmen Di Brita, Ilaria Riboldi, Giulia Trotta, Enrica Verrengia, Massimo Clerici, Giuseppe Carr à Source Type: research
Suicidal ideation and behaviors within the school context: Perceived teacher, peer and parental support
Fatal suicidal behaviors are still the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Systematic reviews suggest that approximately 10% of adolescents report at least one suicide attempt across life, and almost 30% report thinking about death by suicide at some point (Evans et al., 2005; May and Klonsky, 2011). Suicide ideation significantly predicts suicide attempts (Klonsky et al., 2016; Musci et al., 2016), and therefore, a prolific line of research has focused on risk factors for suicidal ideation and behaviors. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nir Madjar, Sophie D. Walsh, Yossi Harel-Fisch Source Type: research
Evaluating Social Skill in Individuals with Schizophrenia with the Brief Impression Questionnaire (BIQ)
Deficits in social cognition and social functioning have been repeatedly observed in individuals with schizophrenia (Savla et al., 2012). Social cognition encompasses theory of mind, emotion perception, social perception, and attributional style (Pinkham et al., 2015). Social functioning is defined as one's ability to engage with and fulfill social roles within one's social network (Bosc et al., 2000). Poor social cogn ition and functioning are important indicators of recovery from psychosis and protective factors against relapse (Barrowclough and Tarrier, 1990; Ritsner et al. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Isabelle Lanser, Julia Browne, Amy E. Pinkham, Philip D. Harvey, L. Fredrik Jarskog, David L. Penn Source Type: research
The Clinical Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment and Psychosocial Functioning in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
A well-established body of research suggests that cognitive dysfunction accompanies psychiatric disorders including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), with impaired ability to think, concentrate and make decisions appearing in the diagnostic criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). While the association between cognitive dysfunction and functional deficits in everyday life has been thoroughly explored in schizophrenia and Bipolar (Martínez-Arán et al., 2004; Thomas et al., 2004)), this relationship requires further investigation in MDD (Knight and Baune, 2018a; Mc Intyre et al., 2015; Rock et al., 2014a). (...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Olivia R. Cambridge, Matthew J. Knight, Natalie Mills, Bernhard T. Baune Source Type: research
The Effects of Mother's Education on College Student's Depression Level: The Role of Family Function
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders among social groups of different ages. In recent years, the rates of increase in the diagnosis of major depression were rapid among the youngest and oldest age groups, the lowest income and highest income groups, and those with the highest education levels (Weinberger et al., 2017). Depression has been identified as a major risk factor that leads to serious individual and societal consequences (Holden, 2000). A growing number of children and adolescents experiencing significant increases in the prevalence of depression brought great attention to this public health issue...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sibo Zhao, Guo Yiyue Source Type: research
Patients with schizophrenia assessing Psychiatrists ’ communication skills
The doctor-patient relationship is as old as medicine itself (Hell ín, 2002) and has undergone changes throughout the ages (Kaba and Sooriakumaran, 2007). It is considered the matrix of the entire medical practice, extending today to integrative care in interdisciplinary teams. One way in which doctors develop a positive rapport with their patients is through appr opriate communication. However, evidence suggests that doctors do not communicate with their patients as they should (Maguire and Pitceathly, 2002). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adriana Pestana-Santos, Lu ís Loureiro, Vítor Santos, Irene P. Carvalho Source Type: research
Neurocognitive performance predicts treatment outcome with cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as an effective treatment for depression (Luty et al., 2007; Thase et al., 2007). However, CBT for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) yields remission in only a minority of patients, with remission rates ranging from 20-50% (Cascalenda et al., 2002; DeRubeis et al., 2005; Driessen et al., 2013; Elkin et al., 1989). Identifying robust predictors of outcome with CBT for MDD could improve effective matching of patients to this treatment. CBT aims to correct maladaptive thinking which in turn decreases distress and depressive symptoms (DeRubeis et al., 2008). (Sourc...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Allison V. Metts, John G. Keilp, Ronit Kishon, Maria A. Oquendo, J. John Mann, Jeffrey M. Miller Source Type: research
Prevalence and characteristics of multi-modal hallucinations in people with psychosis who experience visual hallucinations
Hallucinations are “a sensory experience which occurs in the absence of corresponding external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ, has a sufficient sense of reality to resemble a veridical perception over which the subject does not feel s/he has direct and voluntary control, and which occurs in the awake stat e ” (David, 2004; p.108). Accordingly, hallucinations are more likely to be present if they have the following elements: (i) that they are experienced as percepts (and not as generated by the person), (ii) that they lack a representation in the external world (and so are not distortions or illusio ns), and ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Robert Dudley, Charlotte Aynsworth, Rea Cheetham, Simon McCarthy-Jones, Daniel Collerton Source Type: research
Primary care patient beliefs and help-seeking preferences regarding depression in China
Depressive disorder represents a major public health issue internationally. The prevalence of depression among global population is 4.4% in 2015, with a total of 322 million patients (WHO, 2017). According to the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the prevalence of mood disorders was 4.06% in China and depressive disorder was 3.59% (National Health and Family Planning Commission PRC, 2017). Major depressive disorder was the second leading global cause of years lived w ith disability (YLDs) in 2010, accounting for 12.1% of the total YLDs and 2.5% of the total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) (Ferrari...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yuxing Jiang, Hillary R. Bogner, Xiaoqing Wang, Jiayu Wang, Tingfei Zhu, Yeates Conwell, Shunlin Chen Source Type: research
Could schizotypy protect against the negative outcomes of borderline traits on alcohol consumption? A cluster analytic study
The high rates of alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol dependence in adolescents and young adults are significant public health concerns (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2016). Data showed that college students drink more alcohol than non-college individuals of similar age during periods when the peak of consumption is the highest (S.ske et al., 2004). Comprehensive understanding and early prevention of these phen omena are therefore major issues. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jonathan Bronchain, Henri Chabrol, Patrick Raynal Source Type: research
Kynurenine Pathway Changes in Late-life Depression with Memory Deficit
Late-life depression (LLD) is the most common mental illness in old age, with a diagnosis in 0.04% to 13.4% of elderly individuals (Guerra, Prina, Ferri, Acosta, Gallardo, Huang et al., 2016) and is associated with a high cost of medical expenses and nursing (Donohue and Pincus, 2007). In addition, patients with LLD have a higher risk of developing cognitive deficit than those without depression (Yeh, Tsang, Lin, Kuo, Yen, Chen et al., 2011). Some authors have also proposed that LLD with cognitive deficit is a preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Heser, Bleckwenn, Wiese, Mamone, Riedel-Heller, Stein et al., 2016)...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yujie Wu, Naikeng Mai, Xiaomei Zhong, Yuguan Wen, Yanling Zhou, Haiyan Li, Dewei Shang, Lijun Hu, Xinru Chen, Ben Chen, Min Zhang, Yuping Ning Source Type: research
Sex differences in the association between childhood adversities and schizotypal personality traits
Adverse experiences in childhood, such as physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, are associated with an increased risk of psychosis (Janssen et al., 2004; Read et al., 2005; Varese et al., 2012). Moreover, studies have reported a dose-response relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the expression of psychotic symptoms (e.g., Muenzenmaier et al., 2015; Scott et al., 2007). Specific types of childhood trauma have also been associated with the development of different profiles of symptoms. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Diamantis Toutountzidis, Tim M Gale, Karen Irvine, Shivani Sharma, Keith R Laws Source Type: research
