The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of CIm among adults with RRMS and investigate moderators of prevalence rates. Following prospective registration (PROSPERO; CRD42021281815), electronic databases (Embase, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO) were searched from inception until March 2023. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of CIm among adults with RRMS, as determined through standardized neuropsychological testing and defined as evidence of reduced performance across at least two cognitive domains (e.g., processing speed, attention) relative to normative samples, healthy controls, or premorbid estimates. T...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Post-stroke Cognition is Associated with Stroke Survivor Quality of Life and Caregiver Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
In conclusion, lower post-stroke cognitive performance is associated with significant reductions in stroke survivor QoL and poorer caregiver outcomes. Cognitive assessment is recommended early to identify those at risk and implement timely interventions to support both stroke survivors and their caregivers. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Iowa Gambling Task: Men and Women Perform Differently. A Meta-analysis
AbstractThe Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was designed to assess decision-making under conditions of complexity and uncertainty; it is currently one of the most widely used tests to assess decision-making in both experimental and clinical settings. In the original version of the task, participants are given a loan of play money and four decks of cards and are asked to maximize profits. Although any single card unpredictably yields wins/losses, variations in frequency and size of gains/losses ultimately make two decks more advantageous in the long term. Several studies have previously suggested that there may be a sex-related di...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 11, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Neurocognitive Bases of Meaningful Intransitive Gestures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Neuropsychological Studies
AbstractResearchers and clinicians have long used meaningful intransitive (i.e., not tool-related; MFI) gestures to assess apraxia —a complex and frequent motor-cognitive disorder. Nevertheless, the neurocognitive bases of these gestures remain incompletely understood. Models of apraxia have assumed that meaningful intransitive gestures depend on either long-term memory (i.e., semantic memory and action lexicons) stored in th e left hemisphere, or social cognition and the right hemisphere. This meta-analysis of 42 studies reports the performance of 2659 patients with either left or right hemisphere damage in tests of mea...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 6, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Virtual Reality and Serious Videogame-Based Instruments for Assessing Spatial Navigation in Alzheimer ’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties
AbstractOver the past decade, research using virtual reality and serious game-based instruments for assessing spatial navigation and spatial memory in at-risk and AD populations has risen. We systematically reviewed the literature since 2012 to identify and evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias in the analyses of the psychometric properties of VRSG-based instruments. The search was conducted primarily in July –December 2022 and updated in November 2023 in eight major databases. The quality of instrument development and study design were analyzed in all studies. Measurement properties were defined and analy...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review
AbstractIndividuals possessing a Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) demonstrate an exceptional ability to recall their own past, excelling most when dates from their lifetime are used as retrieval cues. Fully understanding how neurocognitive mechanisms support exceptional memory could lead to benefits in areas of healthcare in which memory plays a central role and in legal fields reliant on witnesses ’ memories. Predominantly due to the rareness of the phenomenon, existing HSAM literature is highly heterogenous in its methodologies used. Therefore, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews an...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural Correlates of Semantic Interference and Phonological Facilitation in Picture Naming: A Systematic Review and Coordinate-Based Meta-analysis
We examined the principal methodological aspects of the included studies, emphasizing the existing commonalities and discrepancies across single investigations. We then performed an exploratory coordinate-based meta-analysis of the reported activation peaks of neural response related to SI and PF. Our results consolidated previous findings regarding the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle temporal gyrus in SI and brought out the role of bilateral inferior parietal regions in PF. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 6, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Change in Cognitive Function over the Course of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with significant cognitive deficits during the acute and remitted stages. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the course of cognitive function whilst considering demographic, treatment, or clinical features of MDD that could moderate the extent of cognitive change. Databases were searched to identify studies that reported on cognitive function in MDD with a ≥12-week test–retest interval. Relevant studies were pooled using random effects modelling to generate an inverse-variance, weighted, mean effect size estimate (Hedges’g) of cogni...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractAutism is more frequently diagnosed in males, with evidence suggesting that females are more likely to be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Possibly, the male/female ratio imbalance relates to phenotypic andcamouflaging differences between genders. Here, we performed a comprehensive approach to phenotypic andcamouflaging research in autism addressed in two studies. First (Study 1 – Phenotypic Differences in Autism), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of gender differences in autism phenotype. The electronic datasets Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo were searched. We included 67 articles...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 29, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Biopsychosocial Framework for Apathy Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractApathy, the deficit of goal-directed behaviour, is well recognised as one of the most debilitating syndromes after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, mechanisms underlying apathy, or at least factors associated with apathy, are sporadically reported. Based on a biopsychosocial framework, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised evidence regarding neurobiological, socio-environmental and individual factors associated with apathy. Our searches identified 21 studies satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that the majority of work has focused on cognitive dysfunct...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 19, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Meta-analysis of Cognitive Functioning in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators
AbstractNumerous psychologists have shown interest in applying neuropsychological tests to study intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators and gain a further understanding of the underlying nature of this type of violence. However, up until now, no meta-analysis has drawn on all the available scientific literature to calculate whether consistent differences exist between the neuropsychological performance of IPV perpetrators and other samples of men (non-violent men, IPV perpetrators with drug misuse, and other men with criminal history). The aim of this study was to carry out this calculation and also measure whether...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 12, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on the Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that tDCS can effectively enhance cognitive task performance, offering valuable in sights into the potential benefits of this method for cognitive improvement. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 7, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Delivery of Neuropsychological Interventions for Adult and Older Adult Clinical Populations: An Australian Expert Working Group Clinical Guidance Paper
AbstractDelivery of neuropsychological interventions addressing the cognitive, psychological, and behavioural consequences of brain conditions is increasingly recognised as an important, if not essential, skill set for clinical neuropsychologists. It has the potential to add substantial value and impact to our role across clinical settings. However, there are numerous approaches to neuropsychological intervention, requiring different sets of skills, and with varying levels of supporting evidence across different diagnostic groups. This clinical guidance paper provides an overview of considerations and recommendations to he...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 30, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
An Evaluation of Cross-Cultural Adaptations of Social Cognition Testing: A Systematic Review
This study systematically reviewed literature on neuropsychological tests for social cognition that have been translated, adapted, are cross-cultural, or are assembled for diverse, specifically “Global South,” populations. The aim was to identify assessments appropriate for diverse populations, outline and evaluate their methodological approaches, and provide procedural recommendations for future research. The PRISMA systematic review search strategy produced 10,957 articles, of which 287 were selected for full-text screening. The study had to include a neuropsychological assessment of social cognition. The full text o...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 17, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Time-Based and Event-Based Prospective Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer ’s Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractProspective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform planned actions in a future moment and it is of fundamental importance for an independent and autonomous lifestyle from development to late adulthood. Deficits in episodic memory and executive functions, which are involved in PM are characteristic features of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). Considering that the number of older adults is drastically increasing over the next decades, it is of great interest to understand how PM decline in healthy older adults and patients with different degree of cognitive decline. The pres...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 14, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
