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Correction to: Surgical Management and Considerations for Patients with Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer
(Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 20, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Photodynamic application in diagnostic procedures and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers
Opinion statementSkin tumors commonly seen in dermatology are involved in all layers of the skin and appendages. While biopsy of affected skin remains an essential method to confirm diagnosis and to predicate tumor prognosis, it has its limitations. Recently, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) has demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting affected skin and mucosal tissues, providing valuable guidance for precision surgery to resect skin and mucosal tumors. In this review, we summarized the literatures concerning the applications of PDD in diagnostic process and treatment of skin and mucosal conditions such as actinic keratoses ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 6, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Role of Metastasis-Directed Therapy in Genitourinary Cancers
Opinion statementThe treatment of oligometastatic genitourinary cancers is a rapidly advancing field with ablative radiotherapy as one of the critical treatment components. The oligometastatic disease state, which can be defined as 1 –5 metastatic sites with a controlled primary, represents a distinct clinical state where comprehensive ablative local therapies may provide improved outcomes. Enhanced imaging has increased the number of patients identified with oligometastatic disease. Evidence for improved outcomes with metasta sis-directed therapy (MDT) in oligometastatic genitourinary cancers is increasing, and previous...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - April 4, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Opinion statementTargeted treatment strategies are available for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive (amplified and/or overexpressed) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and HER2 testing is indicated in patients with mCRC. At present, standard of care first-line treatment for those with HER2-positive mCRC remains chemotherapy in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors or bevacizumab, depending onRAS/BRAF mutational status and tumor sidedness. HER2-targeted agents should be considered for those withRAS/BRAF wild-type disease in subsequent-line treatment and in first-line ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 28, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Pioneering the Way: The Revolutionary Potential of Antibody –Drug Conjugates in NSCLC
Opinion statementDespite targeted therapy and immunotherapy being recognized as established frontline treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the unavoidable development of resistance and disease progression poses ongoing challenges. Antibody –drug conjugates (ADCs) offer a potent treatment option for NSCLC through the specific delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells that display distinct antigens. This review delves into the latest evidence regarding promising ADC agents for NSCLC, focusing on their targets, effectiveness, and saf ety assessments. Additionally, our study provides insights into ma...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Treatment Options for Distal Rectal Cancer in the Era of Organ Preservation
Opinion statementThe introduction of total mesorectal excision into the radical surgery of rectal cancer has significantly improved the oncological outcome with longer survival and lower local recurrence. Traditional treatment modalities of distal rectal cancer, relying on radical surgery, while effective, take their own set of risks, including surgical complications, potential damage to the anus, and surrounding structure owing to the pursuit of thorough resection. The progress of operating methods as well as the integration of systemic therapies and radiotherapy into the peri-operative period, particularly the exciting c...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 22, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Health and the Link to Colorectal Cancer Outcomes
Opinion   statementColorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most deadly cancer in the United States, behind only lung cancer. Despite improvements in incidence due to screening and mortality in part due to better treatments, there are some groups that have not seen these promising changes. American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Black individuals, certain geographic regions, and lower socioeconomic groups have all been shown to have worse CRC outcomes. A significant body of evidence has linked these disparities in outcomes to social determinants of health (SDH). SDH are defined by the WHO as “the non-medical fa...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 18, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Ovarian Suppression: Early Menopause and Late Effects
Opinion statementAround 90% of breast tumours are diagnosed in the early stage, with approximately 70% being hormone receptor-positive. The cornerstone of adjuvant therapy for early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is endocrine therapy, tailored according to disease stage, biological characteristics of the tumour, patient ’s comorbidities, preferences and age. In premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, ovarian function suppression is a key component of the adjuvant endocrine treatment in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen. Moreover, it can be used during chemoth...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 13, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Update on Dosing and Fractionation for Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy for Localized Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Opinion statementNeoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) over 5 –6 weeks with daily doses of 1.8–2.0 Gy to a total dose of 50–50.4 Gy is standard of care for localized high-grade soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities and trunk wall. One exception is myxoid liposarcomas where the phase II DOREMY trial applying a preoperative dose of 36 Gy in 2 Gy fr actions (3–4 weeks treatment) has achieved excellent local control rates of 100% after a median follow-up of 25 months.Hypofractionated preoperative RT has been investigated in a number of phase II single-arm studies suggesting that daily doses of 2.75 –8 Gy over 1–3 w...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 13, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) and Its Role in Gynecologic Malignancies
Opinion statementCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to small fragments of DNA released into the bloodstream by cancer cells. It is obtained through “liquid biopsy;" which most commonly refers to plasma or blood samples, but can be obtained from a number of bodily fluids including ascitic fluid, saliva, and even urine and stool. ctDNA is detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next-generation sequencing (NGS). The DNA from these samples is analyzed for the detection of point mutations, copy-number alterations, gene fusion, and DNA methylation. These results have the potential for use in cancer diagnosis, de...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - March 12, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Neoadjuvant Short- Vs. Long-Course Radiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: How to Choose
Opinion statementOver the past decades, the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer has evolved dramatically due to improvements in diagnostic imaging, surgical technique, and the addition of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Fractionation of neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy remains the subject of discussion and the question multiple recent trials have aimed to answer. In light of recent data and concern for locoregional recurrence, our institution favors long-course chemoradiation in most cases, especially in low-lying primaries, threatened circumferential resection margin, consideratio...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - February 22, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

A Comprehensive Review of Cancer Drug –Induced Cardiotoxicity in Blood Cancer Patients: Current Perspectives and Therapeutic Strategies
This article intricately unveils how cancer treatments cause cardiotoxicity, which is exacerbated by patient-specific risks. In particular, drugs like anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors pose a risk, along with factors such as hypertension and diabetes. Mechanistic insights into oxidative stress and topoisomerase-II-B inhibition are crucial, while cardiac biomarkers show early damage. Timely intervention and prompt treatment, especially with specific agen ts like dexrazoxane and beta-blockers, are pivotal in the proactive management of CDIC. (Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - February 19, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Who Should Receive Immunotherapy for Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer?
Opinion StatementThis paper shines a light on the exciting progress being made in using immunotherapy to treat advanced gastroesophageal cancers. The positive results from trials using drugs like Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab are certainly encouraging and open new possibilities for treating this challenging disease. However, it is clear that we still have a lot to learn about how to predict which patients will benefit most from these treatments. The exploration of combining therapies and using machine learning to guide treatment shows promise. Moving forward, it is crucial that researchers and healthcare professionals contin...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - February 19, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Harnessing the Potential of Real-World Evidence in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Where Do We Stand?
Opinion statementTreatment guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) are primarily based on the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), the gold standard methodology to evaluate safety and efficacy of oncological treatments. However, generalizability of trial results is often limited due to stringent eligibility criteria, underrepresentation of specific populations, and more heterogeneity in clinical practice. This may result in an efficacy-effectiveness gap and uncertainty regarding meaningful benefit versus treatment harm. Meanwhile, conduct of traditional RCTs has become increasingly challenging due to identification...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - February 17, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Antiepileptic Strategies for Patients with Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors
Opinion statementSeizure activity is common in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors, affecting more than 50% of cases over the course of their disease. Several mechanisms contribute to brain tumor –related epilepsy (BTRE), including a pro-inflammatory environment, excessive secretion of glutamate and an increase in neuronal excitatory tone, reduction of GABAergic inhibitory activity, and an increase in 2-hydroxygluturate production in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant tumors. After a verified seizure in a brain tumor patient, the consensus is that BTRE has developed, and it is necessary to initiate an antiepil...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Oncology - February 14, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research