Neurological adverse events of immune checkpoint blockade: from pathophysiology to treatment
Purpose of review
We review the recent advances in neurological toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a focus on underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and the implications on their therapeutical management.
Recent findings
A growing number of cancer patients benefit from immune checkpoint agents and oncologists are increasingly confronted with these novel autoimmune syndromes. During the last years, further progresses have occurred in this field, notably in the identification of specific clinical patterns, such as the association of myasthenic syndrome with myositis and myocarditis, and polyradiculon...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
Immunotherapy approaches for adult glioma: knowledge gained from recent clinical trials
Purpose of review
Summarize principles behind various immunotherapy approaches for high and low-grade glioma in the context of recently completed clinical trials and the new insights they provide.
Recent findings
Despite the widespread success of therapies targeting the T-cell checkpoints programmed-death 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 in other malignancies, recent phase III trials in glioblastoma confirm the lack of efficacy of anti-programmed-death 1 monotherapy in more than 90% of patients. Vaccination approaches remain under investigation for high-grade glioma and have shown activity in some low-grad...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
New insights into the Immune TME of adult-type diffuse gliomas
Purpose of review
Adult-type diffuse gliomas are highly heterogeneous tumors. Bulk transcriptome analyses suggested that the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds to genetic and clinical features. In this review, we highlight novel findings on the intratumoral heterogeneity of IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant gliomas characterized at single-cell resolution, and emphasize the mechanisms shaping the immune TME and therapeutic implications.
Recent findings
Emergent evidence indicates that in addition to genetic drivers, epigenetic mechanisms and microenvironmental factors influence the glioma subty...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
Targeting IDH1/IDH2 mutations in gliomas
Purpose of review
Somatic point mutations in the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are a defining feature of the majority of WHO grade 2–3 diffuse glioma and the most powerful positive prognostic factor for survival in gliomas. The purpose is to review experimental therapeutic approaches targeting IDH mutations in gliomas including small-molecule inhibitors, immunotherapies, and agents targeting mutant IDH-induced epigenetic and metabolic vulnerabilities.
Recent findings
Extensive preclinical work supports targeting mutant IDH (mIDH) in glioma. In heavily pretreated patients with mIDH glioma, enz...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: advances in its pathogenesis, molecular markers and targeted therapies
This article reviews current work on the pathogenesis of the disease, potential biomarkers, and treatments.
Recent findings
Previous molecular classifications of PCNSL, built on DLBCL heterogeneity, did not properly address its intrinsic variability. Recent evidence has shown the existence of four different molecular PCNSL subtypes with associated multiomic characteristics, including prognostic relevance. Several studies have identified the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a driving prognostic factor in PCNSL. Therapy efforts continue mainly into targeting either the NF-κβ (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
Molecular genetics of paediatric brain tumours and opportunities for precision medicine – a focus on infant tumours
Purpose of review
The last few decades have seen an explosion in our understanding of the molecular drivers of childhood brain tumours. These insights have opened the possibility for precision medicine approaches for some tumour types. However, a different spectrum of tumours is more likely to occur in infants and young children, who face additional therapeutic challenges. This review focuses on recent advances in molecular genetics of common infant brain tumours and their implication for diagnosis, prognostication and utilization of precision oncology approaches.
Recent findings
Infant tumours have different bi...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
The 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors: what neurologists need to know
Purpose of review
The recently published WHO Classification of Tumours, Central Nervous System Tumours, Fifth Edition (WHO CNS-5) introduces substantial clinically relevant changes based on improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of brain tumor types as biological entities. This review highlights pertinent changes for practicing neurologists.
Recent findings
Diffuse gliomas are now divided into adult and pediatric types. Adult types are greatly simplified, being classified into three groups based on IDH and 1p/19q status, with molecular grading criteria now included. Pediatric types are divided int...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
Editorial: Advances in brain tumors management: new perspectives and challenges
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Neurology)
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEOPLASMS: Edited by Mehdi Touat Source Type: research
Urogenital dysfunction following neurotrauma
This article reviews the limited evidence and scientific literature on this topic.
Recent findings
Lower urinary tract symptoms are commonly reported in patients with neurotrauma, both acutely and over the long term. Multiple medical and surgical approaches are available for managing bladder dysfunction in these patients. Sexual dysfunction and changes in sexual behaviour are reported by patients with neurotrauma and are usually multifactorial. Treatment options for sexual dysfunction are available and their management requires a holistic approach.
Summary
Urogenital dysfunction contributes significantly to t...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Stefano Tamburin Source Type: research
Assessment and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease
Purpose of review
Neurogenic dysphagia worsens quality of life and prognosis of patients with different neurological disorders. Management of neurogenic dysphagia can be challenging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease, suggesting clues for clinical practice.
Recent findings
The pros and cons of diagnostic techniques are discussed in the light of updated evidence. Findings from recent meta-analyses of different treatment approaches, including traditional dysphagia therapy, peripheral and...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Stefano Tamburin Source Type: research
Spasticity following brain and spinal cord injury: assessment and treatment
Purpose of review
Spasticity is a common sequela of brain and spinal cord injury and contributes to disability, reduces quality of life, and increases economic burden. Spasticity is still incompletely recognized and undertreated. We will provide an overview of recent published data on the definition, assessment, and prediction, therapeutic advances, with a focus on promising new approaches, and telemedicine applications for spasticity.
Recent findings
Two new definitions of spasticity have been recently proposed, but operational criteria should be developed, and test–retest and inter-rater reliability should b...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Stefano Tamburin Source Type: research
Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries: diagnosis and management
Purpose of review
To review advances in the diagnostic evaluation and management of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries.
Recent findings
Serial multimodal assessment of peripheral nerve injuries facilitates assessment of spontaneous axonal regeneration and selection of appropriate patients for early surgical intervention. Novel surgical and rehabilitative approaches have been developed to complement established strategies, particularly in the area of nerve grafting, targeted rehabilitation strategies and interventions to promote nerve regeneration. However, several management challenges remain, including incompl...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Stefano Tamburin Source Type: research
Traumatic brachial plexus injury: diagnosis and treatment
Purpose of the Review:
Traumatic brachial plexus injuries (BPI) are devastating life-altering events, with pervasive detrimental effects on a patient's physical, psychosocial, mental, and financial well-being. This review provides an understanding of the clinical evaluation, surgical indications, and available reconstructive options to allow for the best possible functional outcomes for patients with BPI.
Recent Findings:
The successful management of patients with BPI requires a multidisciplinary team approach including peripheral nerve surgeons, neurology, hand therapy, physical therapy, pain management, social...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Stefano Tamburin Source Type: research
Editorial: Advances and innovation in neurotrauma and neurorehabilitation
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Neurology)
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Stefano Tamburin Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Neurology)
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
